Oral steroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone naturally produced by the body. They work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. These medications are commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including asthma, arthritis, and skin disorders. However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects associated with oral steroids. To learn more about the side effects of oral steroids, visit Oral steroids side effects.
Mechanism of Action
The pharmacological action of oral steroids can be broken down into several key mechanisms:
- Anti-inflammatory effects: Oral steroids inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, which helps reduce swelling and redness in affected areas.
- Immunosuppression: These steroids suppress the immune system’s response, which can be beneficial in autoimmune diseases where the body incorrectly attacks its own tissues.
- Metabolic effects: Oral steroids influence carbohydrate and protein metabolism, leading to increased glucose levels and muscle breakdown in some cases.
Therapeutic Uses
Oral steroids are prescribed for various medical conditions, including:
- Chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD)
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Allergic reactions (e.g., severe allergies, skin rashes)
Potential Side Effects
While oral steroids can be effective in managing symptoms and inflammation, they do come with a risk of side effects. Common side effects include:
- Weight gain
- Increased blood pressure
- Osteoporosis
- Increased risk of infections
- Mood changes and psychological effects
It is crucial for patients to work closely with their healthcare providers to monitor any adverse effects and make necessary adjustments to their treatment plans.